The global economy is increasingly dependent on natural resources, and countries that possess these resources enjoy a prominent economic position. A key issue in this context is whether the exploitation of natural resources is limited to the nationals of a particular country, or whether these resources are part of the common heritage of humanity. The distinction between "right to natural resources" and "right in natural resources" holds significant importance in this matter. The "right to natural resources" refers to the ownership and control of resources by a specific country or individual, while the "right in natural resources" emphasizes fair and equitable access to resources for all human beings without exclusive ownership.
Quranic principles regarding the exploitation of natural resources are based on the concepts of human stewardship and divine trust. According to these principles, the use of natural resources is not regarded as an individual property right but rather as a public and equitable right for all humans, aimed at meeting the needs of the present generation while preserving the rights of future generations. The Quran highlights key principles such as human dignity, social justice, the prohibition of corruption on earth, and the avoidance of wastefulness as foundational guidelines for resource utilization. Thus, the exploitation of resources should be conducted with respect for human rights, non-discrimination, and consideration for long-term benefits and future generations.